Earth's population boom threatens climate and resources by 2100

Earth's population has surged from 3 billion in 1960 to over 8.3 billion today. This rapid growth is now linked to rising temperatures, a larger ecological footprint, and increased carbon emissions. Experts warn that without change, the planet's future could face severe strain. The global population expanded quickly after 1960, hitting 8.1 billion by 2024. Growth rates peaked in 1965 but have since slowed, dropping from around 90 million new people each year in 1990 to roughly 70 million now. In 2023, the natural growth rate stood at 8.7 per 1,000, with births at 16.3 and deaths at 7.6 per 1,000.

United Nations projections suggest the population will reach 9.71 billion by 2050, peak at 10.3 billion in 2084, then settle near 10.2 billion by 2100. However, some studies estimate a higher peak—between 11.7 and 12.4 billion—by the late 2070s. Such numbers could worsen environmental pressures and societal instability.

Professor Corey Bradshaw argues that a sustainable global population would be closer to 2.5 billion. A smaller population with reduced consumption, he notes, would ease strain on resources and improve conditions for both people and the planet. Current trends point toward a future where overpopulation deepens ecological and social challenges. If the global population peaks near 12 billion, the impact on climate, resources, and living standards may be severe. Researchers stress that slower growth and lower consumption could help avoid the worst outcomes.