Keto diet's rapid weight loss comes with hidden health risks

The ketogenic, or keto, diet has gained popularity in recent years for its effectiveness in weight loss and muscle-building. However, its long-term effects remain uncertain, and potential side effects include nausea, fatigue and digestive issues. The keto diet works by drastically reducing carbohydrate intake. Instead, the body gets extra calories from protein and fat. This forces the liver to produce ketone bodies from fat, which become an alternative fuel source.

Followers of the diet cut out both unhealthy carbs like soda and sweets, as well as healthier options such as fruit, milk and whole grains. In the short term, it can lead to weight loss and reduced hunger. It may also lower blood sugar and triglycerides, which can help prevent diabetes and reduce the risk of heart disease and stroke.

Yet, for heart failure patients, the diet carries significant risks. These include diabetic coma, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, high LDL cholesterol, dehydration and kidney failure. For such individuals, a balanced diet with complex carbohydrates, unsaturated fats and lean proteins is advised. Portion control and limiting red meat and processed foods are also recommended.

For those seeking natural ways to produce ketone bodies, sleeping more or intermittent fasting may be options. However, these should only be tried after consulting a doctor. While the keto diet offers short-term benefits like weight loss and improved metabolic markers, its long-term safety is still unclear. Heart patients and others with health concerns should approach it with caution and prioritise medical advice.