Mumps outbreak in Maryland fuels US health concerns amid rising cases

Maryland health officials have reported a rise in mumps cases, with 26 infections confirmed by February 19, 2023. The outbreak includes both confirmed and probable cases, adding to a broader national trend. Across the US, 11 states have recorded 34 cases by late February of the same year.

The virus spreads easily through respiratory droplets and saliva, making close-contact settings particularly vulnerable.

Mumps was once a common childhood illness in the US, with over 152,000 cases in 1968 alone. Widespread vaccination later slashed numbers dramatically, dropping to just 231 cases in 2003. However, outbreaks have climbed again since 2006, with 2,237 infections reported in 2019.

The MMR vaccine remains the best defense, offering about 86% protection after two doses. Yet even vaccinated communities can experience outbreaks. Adults born in or after 1957 are advised to check their vaccination status, and high-risk individuals may need an extra dose during flare-ups.

Symptoms typically include swollen salivary glands, fever, headache, and fatigue. Some patients also suffer muscle aches and loss of appetite. People become contagious days before gland swelling appears and remain so for up to five days afterward.

In severe cases, mumps can lead to complications such as inflammation of the testicles, ovaries, or breasts. More serious risks include meningitis, encephalitis, and permanent hearing loss.

Nationally, the latest figures show 34 cases across 11 states by late February 2023. Maryland accounts for nearly three-quarters of these, with 19 confirmed and 7 probable infections.

The recent spike in Maryland highlights the ongoing risk of mumps, despite high vaccination rates. Health authorities continue to monitor cases and urge vaccination checks, especially for adults who may need booster doses. Without vigilance, outbreaks could persist in communities across the US.