Pakistan's broken food system fuels malnutrition and obesity crisis

Pakistan's food system is failing to provide balanced nutrition despite producing enough calories. Millions across the country now face malnutrition, stunting, and diet-related diseases. The problem stems from a focus on energy-rich foods rather than nourishing diets, leaving both rural and urban populations at risk.

For years, rural areas in Pakistan have struggled with food insecurity and limited access to healthy meals. Meanwhile, cities have seen a surge in processed foods high in sugar and fat. Rapid urbanisation, better market access, and aggressive food industry marketing have driven this shift. Rising incomes have also made processed snacks more affordable, pushing aside traditional diets.

Over the past five years, rural communities have begun adopting similar unhealthy eating habits. Surprisingly, these areas now consume more free sugars and fats than cities, largely because energy-dense foods are cheaper. This trend has worsened malnutrition, particularly among women and children.

The country now faces a dual crisis: persistent malnutrition alongside rising obesity. The strain on public health is growing as nutrient-deficient diets become more common. A sharp increase in sweets and snack foods has only deepened the problem, further unbalancing the nation's diet.

Pakistan's food system produces enough calories but lacks the diversity needed for proper nutrition. The shift toward processed, high-sugar, and high-fat foods has intensified health challenges across both rural and urban areas. Without intervention, the double burden of malnutrition and obesity will continue to pressure the health system and public well-being.