Weight-loss injections linked to malnutrition risks in long-term patients

Weight-loss injections like semaglutide and tirzepatide are growing in popularity, but long-term use may bring hidden risks. A new study suggests these drugs could lead to malnutrition, as patients eat significantly less food while taking them. Experts now warn that users should receive dietary advice alongside treatment to avoid serious deficiencies.

Researchers analysed six clinical trials involving nearly 481,000 people using GLP-1 receptor agonists for weight loss. The findings showed that 38 percent of patients developed signs of malnutrition, compared to just 9 percent in the control group. Many users consumed far less food, cutting their energy intake by 16 to 39 percent.

The study also revealed widespread nutrient shortages. Over 60 percent of participants took in less calcium and iron than recommended, while vitamin D intake averaged only 20 percent of the advised amount. Deficiencies in protein, calcium, thiamine, and cobalamin were common, leading to muscle loss and other health issues.

Another concern is reduced thirst, a side effect of these drugs that can cause dehydration. Despite these risks, current German and international medical guidelines do not specify monitoring measures for nutrient deficiencies in long-term users. Doctors are now urging patients to seek dietary counselling before and during treatment.

The findings highlight the need for closer monitoring of patients on weight-loss injections. Without proper dietary support, long-term use could result in malnutrition and related complications. Health authorities may need to update guidelines to address these emerging risks.