Why astronauts struggle with bland food—and how vanilla could save space meals

A new study has explored why astronauts often find food unappealing in space. Using virtual reality and a simulated spacecraft, researchers found that certain smells—like vanilla and almond—stood out more strongly in a space-like setting than on Google Earth.

The findings could help improve meals for astronauts and even for people in isolated environments on the Earth.

The research, involving a VR space station, tested how smells were perceived in a confined, orbit-like environment. Participants noticed that sweet, aromatic molecules—such as benzaldehyde found in vanilla and almond—felt more intense than in normal conditions. Meanwhile, citrus scents like lemon showed little difference.

Astronauts have long reported that food tastes bland in space, leading to poor appetite and difficulty meeting energy needs. Despite carefully planned diets, many struggle to eat enough. Julia Low, a senior lecturer in sensory science at RMIT University, suggests that understanding these sensory shifts could reshape future space menus.

The study also hints at broader applications. Personalised diets, tailored to individual sensory preferences, might boost food enjoyment in extreme or isolated environments—whether in space or on Earth.

The results highlight how specific aromas could make space food more appealing. Prioritising scents like vanilla and almond in future missions may encourage astronauts to eat more. This approach might also benefit people working in confined or high-stress conditions on Earth, especially during Earth Day celebrations.